Not Worth the Time: T7 Evolution in the Presence of Antibiotics
Jennifer Wilcox 1*, Craig Miller 1, 2, Tracey Peters 2, J. J. Bull 1, 2
- Department of Biology, University of Idaho
- Institute for Modeling, Collaboration, and Innovation (IMCI), University of Idaho
Bacteriophages provide one of the few hopes for stemming the antibiotic resistance crisis. Rather than replacing antibiotics, however, phages are likely to complement them. But will phages be inhibited when used alongside antibiotics, and might it be advantageous to pre-adapt phages for growth in the presence of the drugs? Using the model phage T7 and E.coli K12, we investigated whether the phage could adapt to growth in antibiotics and whether the adaptation would be specific to the antibiotic. Phage were separately evolved in sub-MIC concentrations of chloramphenicol (Cm) (2ug/ml), kanamycin (Kn) (8ug/ml), or no drug as control; cells were equilibrated overnight in drug prior to phage addition. Post-adaptation fitness, measured as phage growth rate in the corresponding growth environment, was significantly higher than initial fitness for no-drug control and for T7 grown in Cm; the fitness gain in Kn bordered on significant. However, relative fitness gains were substantially independent of the selective environment: whereas there remained a substantial effect of drug on phage growth rate, that effect had little to do with how the phage was evolved. These limited data suggest that little is to be gained by phage pre-adaptation to growth in the presence of drugs.